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What is Appendicitis ?

Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix
It is a finger-shaped pouch that projects from your colon on the lower right side of your abdomen
Appendicitis causes pain in your lower right abdomen
As inflammation worsens, appendicitis pain typically increases and eventually becomes severe.
Standard treatment is surgical removal of the appendix.

Signs and symptoms of appendicitis may include

Sudden pain that begins on the right side of the lower abdomen
Sudden pain that begins around your navel and often shifts to your lower right abdomen
Pain that worsens if you cough, walk or make other jarring movements
Nausea and vomiting
Loss of appetite
Low-grade fever that may worsen as the illness progresses
Constipation or diarrhea
Abdominal bloating

Appendicitis can cause serious complications, such as

A ruptured appendix

A rupture spreads infection throughout your abdomen (peritonitis). Possibly life-threatening, this condition requires immediate surgery to remove the appendix and clean your abdominal cavity.

A pocket of pus that forms in the abdomen

If your appendix bursts, you may develop a pocket of infection (abscess). In most cases, a surgeon drains the abscess by placing a tube through your abdominal wall into the abscess. The tube is left in place for two weeks, and you’re given antibiotics to clear the infection.

Once the infection is clear, you’ll have surgery to remove the appendix. In some cases, the abscess is drained, and the appendix is removed immediately.

Consult a doctor immediately if you have any of the above symptoms.

Gallstones may cause no signs or symptoms. If a gallstone lodges in a duct and causes a blockage, the resulting signs and symptoms may include:

Sudden and rapidly intensifying pain in the upper right portion of your abdomen
Sudden and rapidly intensifying pain in the center of your abdomen, just below your breastbone
Back pain between your shoulder blades
Pain in your right shoulder
Nausea or vomiting
Gallstone pain may last several minutes to a few hours.
Seek immediate care if you develop signs and symptoms of a serious gallstone complication, such as:
Abdominal pain so intense that you can’t sit still or find a comfortable position
Yellowing of your skin and the whites of your eyes
High fever with chills

A hernia occurs when an organ pushes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place. For example, the intestines may break through a weakened area in the abdominal wall.

Hernias are most common in the abdomen, but they can also appear in the upper thigh, belly button, and groin areas. Most hernias are not immediately life threatening, but they don’t go away on their own and can require surgery to prevent potentially dangerous complications.

Common hernias

Hiatal Hernia
Umblical Hernia
Incisional Hernia
Ventral Hernia

Hemorrhoids also called piles, are swollen veins in your anus and lower rectum, similar to varicose veins. Hemorrhoids have a number of causes, although often the cause is unknown. They may result from straining during bowel movements or from the increased pressure on these veins during pregnancy. Hemorrhoids may be located inside the rectum (internal hemorrhoids), or they may develop under the skin around the anus (external hemorrhoids).

Tests and procedures to diagnose internal hemorrhoids may include examination of your anal canal and rectum:

Digital examination During a digital rectal exam, your doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into your rectum. He or she feels for anything unusual, such as growths. The exam can suggest to your doctor whether further testing is needed.
Visual inspection Because internal hemorrhoids are often too soft to be felt during a rectal exam, your doctor may also examine the lower portion of your colon and rectum with an anoscope, proctoscope or sigmoidoscope.

Treatment

Holistic remedies
Surgical intervention

An anal fissure is a small tear in the thin, moist tissue (mucosa) that lines the anus. An anal fissure may occur when you pass hard or large stools during a bowel movement. Anal fissures typically cause pain and bleeding with bowel movements. You also may experience spasms in the ring of muscle at the end of your anus (anal sphincter).

Anal fissures are very common and can affect people of any age. Most anal fissures get better with simple treatments, such as increased fiber intake or sitz baths. Some people with anal fissures may need medication or, occasionally, surgery.

Symptoms

Pain, sometimes severe, during bowel movements
Pain after bowel movements that can last up to several hours
Bright red blood on the stool or toilet paper after a bowel movement
Itching or irritation around the anus
A visible crack in the skin around the anus
A small lump or skin tag on the skin near the anal fissure

Surgery for GERD may involve a procedure to reinforce the lower esophageal sphincter called Nissen fundoplication. In this procedure, the surgeon wraps the top of the stomach around the lower esophagus. This reinforces the lower esophageal sphincter, making it less likely that acid will back up in the esophagus.

Anti – Reflux surgery
Esophageal strictures
Surgery for cancer of the esophagus
Surgery for Achalasia cardia

Surgeons at Prashanth Hospitals offer the latest in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the colon, rectum and anus. Their expertise is in :

Colon and rectal cancer and colon polyps
Inflammatory bowel disease — Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
Diverticulitis and diverticular disease
Anal problems such as hemorrhoids, fistula and fissure
Motility problems of the colon, such as constipation

Surgery for gall bladder stones
Surgery for gall bladder cancer
Biliary strictures
Bile duct carcinoma ( Cholangiocarcinoma )
Whipple’s procedure for pancreatic cancer
Surgery for acute and chronic pancreatitis
Surgery for neuro-endocrine tumours of the pancreas
Liver resection for tumours